Effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin on spinal cord lesions in rats: functional and histological evaluations

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and histological effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin after experimental spinal cord contusion injury. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats underwent experimental spinal cord lesioning using an NYU-Impactor device and were randomly divided into the following groups, which received treatment intraperitoneally. The G(M1) group received ganglioside G(M1) (30 mg/kg); the erythropoietin group received erythropoietin (1000 IU/kg); the combined group received both drugs; and the saline group received saline (0.9%) as a control. A fifth group was the laminectomy group, in which the animals were subjected to laminectomy alone, without spinal lesioning or treatment. The animals were evaluated according to the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, motor evoked potential recordings and, after euthanasia, histological analysis of spinal cord tissue. RESULTS: The erythropoietin group had higher BBB scores than the G(M1) group. The combined group had the highest BBB scores, and the saline group had the lowest BBB scores. No significant difference in latency was observed between the three groups that underwent spinal cord lesioning and intervention. However, the combined group showed a significantly higher signal amplitude than the other treatment groups or the saline group (p<0.01). Histological tissue analysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Axonal index was significantly enhanced in the combined group than any other intervention (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: G(M1) and erythropoietin exert therapeutic effects on axonal regeneration and electrophysiological and motor functions in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord lesioning and administering these two substances in combination potentiates their effects.

Monossialogangliosídeo transdérmico com laser no tratamento de lesão medular espinal de ratos / Transdermal monosialoganglioside with laser in the treatment of spinal cord lesion in rats

Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos de monossialogangliosídeos (GM1) administrados com laser por via transdérmica na recuperação da lesão da medula espinal de ratos. Métodos: Quarenta ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos a contusão da medula espinal usando NYU Impactor. No Grupo 1, os ratos receberam 0,2 ml de solução salina diária por via intraperitoneal; no Grupo 2, GM1 foi administrada intraperitonealmente em concentração de 30 mg/kg por dia; no Grupo 3, os ratos foram tratados diariamente com o laser a baixa temperatura sobre a pele, e no Grupo 4, a sessão de laser diária também continha GM1. Todos os grupos foram tratados durante 42 dias. Os animais foram avaliados pela escala funcional de Basso, Baettie e Bresnahan (BBB) nos dias 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 após a lesão, e por histopatologia e potencial motor evocado 42 dias depois da lesão. Resultados: Os animais do Grupo 4 apresentaram escores BBB mais elevados em comparação com os outros grupos. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos ou nas comparações ao longo do tempo. A avaliação histológica não mostrou diferenças, e tampouco foram encontradas diferenças significativas no potencial evocado. Conclusão: A GM1 associada ao uso de laser a baixa temperatura não mostra resultados superiores no tratamento de lesões da medula espinal de ratos. Nível de Evidência I, Experimental, Estudo Controlado de Animais.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of monosialoganglioside (gm1) administered transdermally with laser in the recovery of spinal cord injury in rats. methods: forty male wistar rats underwent spinal cord contusion using the nyu impactor. in group 1, the rats received 0,2 ml of saline intraperitoneally daily; in group 2, GM1 was administered intraperitoneally at a concentration of 30 mg/kg per day; in group 3, rats were treated daily with laser at low temperature on the skin, and in group 4, the daily laser session also contained gm1. all the groups were treated for 42 days. the animals were evaluated by the Basso, Baettie and Bresnahan (BBB) functional scale on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the injury, and by histopathology and motor evoked potential after 42 days of injury. Results: the animals in group 4 had higher BBB scores compared with the other groups. there were no differences between the groups, or in the comparisons over time. Histological evaluation showed no differences, and no differences were found in the motor evoked potential tests either. conclusion: gm1 associated with the use of low-temperature laser shows no superior functional, neurological or histological results in the treatment of spinal cord lesions in rats. Evidence Level I, Experimental, Controlled, Animal Study.

Effects of methylprednisolone and ganglioside GM-1 on a spinal lesion: a functional analysis

OBJECTIVES: The pharmacological effects of methylprednisolone (MP) and ganglioside GM-1 on spinal injuries have been thoroughly investigated, but only a few studies have evaluated the interaction between these two drugs. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were subjected to contusive injury of the spinal cord produced by the NYU system. These animals were divided into four groups: group I was injected with MP; group II was injected with GM-1; group III was injected with MP together with GM-1; and group control received physiological serum. The animals were evaluated with regard to their recovery of locomotive function by means of the BBB test on the second, seventh and fourteenth days after receiving the contusive injury to the spinal cord. They were sacrificed on the fourteenth day. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that the MP and GM-1 groups presented functional results that were better than those of the control group, although the enhanced recovery of group II (GM-1) relative to the control group was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The most notable recovery of locomotive function was observed in the group that received MP alone (p<0.05). The group that received MP together with GM-1 presented results that were better than those of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of methylprednisolone alone or with GM-1 was shown to be effective for recovery of locomotive function. Combined administration of these drugs resulted in better outcomes than administration of methylprednisolone alone.

Hemorragia subaracnoidea de causa aneurismática / Subarachnoid hemorrhage by aneurysmatic cause

La hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) por rotura aneurismática es responsable del 6 por ciento de los accidentes cerebrovasculares. Los aneurismas cerebrales se encuentran presentes en el 0.2 - 9.9 por ciento de la población y la tasa de sangrado es de 10 por 100.000 habitantes. La conferencia de consenso analizó los distintos esquemas de tratamiento y efectuó recomendaciones terapeúticas de acuerdo a los criterios de la medicina basada en la evidencia. Se determinaron los niveles de evidencia, de I a V. Los grados de recomendación fueron clasificados en: A, determinado por evidencias de nivel I, B por evidencia de nivel II, y C sugerido por evidencias de niveles III, IV y V. Las recomendaciones deben adaptarse a cada paciente. Sin embargo las de grado A constituyen estándares para el tratamiento. La gravedad de los pacientes al ingreso fue evaluada sobre la base de la escala de Hunt y Hess. Se analizaron sucesivamente: las medidas de tratamiento general, la prevención y tratamiento del vasoespasmo cerebral, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hiponatremia y la prevención de las convulsiones